- Rate
- 119/min
- Rhythm
- RegularSinus: upright in II, biphasic in V1, one before every QRS
- PR
- 0.15 s
- QRS
- 0.10 s, narrow
- Axis
- 82°, normal
- QTc
- 0.43 s
- ST up
- aVR
- ST down
- I, II, aVL, aVF, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
- T inverted
- None (apart from aVR)
- Also
- Smaller ST elevation (under the STEMI cut-off) in V1 · Pathological Q waves (40 ms or wider) in aVL
Diffuse ST depression with ST elevation in aVR on a 12-lead ECG
Horizontal ST depression across many leads, deepest in V4-V6, I and II, with ST elevation in aVR (bigger than any in V1): global subendocardial ischemia, not a territory.
What to look for
The ST is down in most leads and up in aVR. That aVR elevation is the mirror image of all the depression, not injury under aVR, so this is not a STEMI territory. It's ischemia of the inner layer of the whole ventricle, and it doesn't point to one artery. Sometimes it's severe left main or three-vessel disease, but far more often it's supply and demand: a tachycardia, bleeding, sepsis, hypotension, severe hypertension. Treat the driver, report it as diffuse ST depression with ST elevation in aVR, and take the patient somewhere with a cath lab. Mortality is high even though it's usually not an occlusion.
Examples
Each is a standard 12-lead: 2.5 seconds of each lead in four columns, with 10 seconds of lead II along the bottom, drawn to scale (25 mm a second, 10 mm a millivolt). The measurements are under each one.
- Rate
- 114/min
- Rhythm
- RegularSinus: upright in II, biphasic in V1, one before every QRS
- PR
- 0.18 s
- QRS
- 0.10 s, narrow
- Axis
- 45°, normal
- QTc
- 0.42 s
- ST up
- aVR
- ST down
- I, II, aVL, aVF, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
- T inverted
- None (apart from aVR)
- Also
- Smaller ST elevation (under the STEMI cut-off) in V1
Don't confuse it with
- Posterior STEMI
Horizontal ST depression in V1-V3 with tall R waves and upright T waves, and ST elevation in the posterior leads V7-V9.
- De Winter T waves
Upsloping ST depression of more than 1 mm at the J point in the chest leads, running into tall, symmetric T waves, with no ST elevation there and slight ST elevation in aVR.
- Lateral STEMI
ST elevation in I, aVL, V5 and V6, with reciprocal depression in III and aVF.
- Normal 12-lead ECG
Sinus rhythm, a normal axis, normal intervals, R waves growing from V1 to V5, and no ST elevation or depression.
The ECG tool in the app gives you a new 12-lead every time and walks you through reading it: rate, QRS, axis, then where the ST is up and down. It's part of the Paramedic level, and you can try 5 ECGs a day free.
Try the 12-lead drillWhere the criteria come from
- LITFL: Myocardial ischaemia
- LITFL: ST segment
- Dr. Smith's ECG Blog: ST elevation in aVR with widespread ST
- Dr. Smith's ECG Blog: The difference between left main
Others in the look-alikes and other findings group
- Acute pericarditis
- Benign early repolarization
- Old inferior MI (pathological Q waves)
- Left ventricular aneurysm (old anterior MI)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy with strain
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Pulmonary embolism (acute right heart strain)
- Limb lead reversal (left and right arm swapped)
- All 12-lead practice